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Contents:

  • What is Engineering Cartoon?
  • Importance of Engineering Drawing
  • Instruments Used in Engineering Drawing
    • Drawing Sail
    • Drawing Board
    • Mini Drafter
    • T-Square
    • Compass
    • Divider
    • Set Squares
    • Clinograph
    • Protractor
    • French Curves
    • Drawing Templates
    • Pencils
    • Eraser
    • Paper Holders

What is Engineering Drawing?

In engineering science cartoon, engineering science related objects like buildings, walls, electrical fittings, pipes, machines etc. are represented with specifications like size, shape, materials etc. Several engineering drawing software with more accuracy are available. Only, cartoon on paper is all the same beingness used in some areas and for small-scale constructions. Instruments Used in Engineering Drawing

Importance of Engineering Cartoon

Drawing plays vital role in the engineering and construction works. The cartoon requires no linguistic communication whatever one can read information technology. Then, drawings of other countries structures can also be studied easily. The cartoon improves the imagination and new inventions can exist adult. The approximate for the project can be done using the details provided in the drawing. The structure can exist analyzed completely before construction past using cartoon. So, every engineering science construction section especially civil technology requires cartoon to start a projection. Importance of Engineering Drawing

Instruments Used in Engineering Drawing

The instruments used in engineering drawing are:

  1. Drawing sheet
  2. Drawing board
  3. Mini drafter
  4. T square
  5. Compass
  6. Divider
  7. Ready squares
  8. Clinograph
  9. Protractor
  10. French curves
  11. Templates
  12. Pencils
  13. Eraser

Drawing Sheet

Cartoon sheet is a white newspaper on which an object is drawn which is available in diverse sizes. The canvass used for engineering should be of proficient quality. It should be white in color with uniform thickness with must resist the piece of cake torn of paper. The surface of sail must exist smooth. Diverse sizes of cartoon sheets recommended by Indian standards are listed below.

Cartoon Canvas Type Dimensions (Length X Width) (mm)
A0 841 Ten 1189
Aane 594 Ten 841
Atwo 420 10 594
Athree 297 X 420
A4 210 X 297
A5 148 X 210

Drawing Sheet

Drawing Board

Drawing board is by and large made of soft wood and it is in rectangular shape. Information technology is used to back up drawing canvass, and then, the size of board is made co-ordinate the size of the drawing sheet. The wood portions are joined by tongue and grove type joint to prevent cracks. At the edge of board, straight ebony edge is provided for the T-square usage. Different types of drawing boards and their sizes according to IS classification are listed below.

Type of Drawing Board Length X Width X Thickness (mm)
D0 1500 X g Ten 25
D1 1000 X 700 X 25
D2 700 X 500 X fifteen
D3 500 X 350 X 15

Drawing Board

Mini Drafter

Mini drafter is an instrument which tin can be used for multiple functions in cartoon. Information technology contains two arms which is adjustable to required bending and at the end of the lower arm a calibration prepare is fastened. The calibration set contains 2 scales connected perpendicular to each which cannot be separated. This instrument is stock-still to the drawing board at one border with the help of screw provided for the drafter. Mini drafter is used for drawing horizontal lines, vertical lines, inclined lines, angles, parallel lines, perpendicular lines etc. Mini Drafter

T-Square

T foursquare is used to depict horizontal and vertical lines on drawing sheet. It made of wood or plastic and in T shape. The vertical part of T is chosen as bract and horizontal part of T is called as head. The border of head is uniform level and attached to the edge of the board. The working edge is used to draw lines anywhere on the canvas past moving the instrument tiptop to bottom. T-Square

Compass

Compass is used to draw an arc or circle with known dimensions on engineering drawing. Information technology is by and large made of steel and consists two legs. One leg contains needle at the bottom and other leg contains a ring in which a pencil is placed. The needle tip is placed at the respected point and pencil tip is adjusted to the acme at least 1mm merely above the tip of the needle. The gap is nothing simply the paper thickness. Compass

Divider

The divider looks like a compass, simply the difference is the two legs of divider are provided with needles. This is used to divide a line or bend into equal parts. It is also used to check the measurements. Divider

Set Squares

Set squares are used to draw lines with an angle between them. In most of the structures, thirty, 45, threescore and ninety-degree lines are well-nigh common. So, set squares brand the work easier for this type of drawings. By and large, set squares are of ii types. One is 45 caste set square and some other i is called as 30 – threescore degree gear up square. Both are required in the drawing. 45 fix square has a side of 25 cm while 30-60 gear up foursquare has 25 cm length on one side. Set Squares

Clinograph

Clinograph is an instrument used to draw parallel lines to the inclined lines. Information technology contains 1 adjustable wing or strip which can exist adjusted to required angle. Then, it tin can be termed equally adjustable set square. Clinograph

Protractor

Protractor is used to draw and measure the angles of lines in the drawing. It is transparent and made of plastic. It is in the shape of semi-circle, and the edge of semi-circumvolve part consists reading with one-caste accurateness. The bottom line joins the 0o to the 180o. The center of this bottom line is marked as "O" or "C" from which the angles are measured. Protractor

French Curves

French curves are made of plastic and they are in irregular shapes. Sometimes the drawing requires irregular curves or shapes or arcs which cannot be fatigued using compass. In that case French curves are suitable. More often than not French curves are more than suitable for small curves and for long curves splines are used. French Curves

Drawing Templates

Templates are cipher only plastic or wooden boards which contains spaces of several shapes or messages. Not-dimensional shapes or variety font messages are drawn by using templates which makes drawing easier and perfect. Drawing Templates

Pencils

Pencil is used to describe on the paper. Any blazon of pencil is not suitable for cartoon. There are some limitations, the drawing appearance should be very neat and understandable. Every line of the drawing should indicate its importance. Information technology depends upon the hardness of pencil. Based on the hardness quality pencils are classified into xviii grades and they are

Class of Pencil Hardness of Pencil
9H Hardest
6H, 5H, 4H Extremely Hard
3H Very hard
2H Hard
H Moderately hard
F Firm
HB Medium hard
B Moderately soft and black
2B Soft and black
3B Very soft and black
4B, 5B, 6B Very soft and very black
7B Softest

Out of the in a higher place 18 grades of pencils, following grades are used in engineering drawings.

Grade of Pencil Used to Draw
3H Construction lines
2H Dimension lines, center lines, sectional lines, hidden lines
H Object lines, lettering
HB Dimensioning, boundary lines

Grades of Pencil

Eraser

Eraser is used to remove the lines or spots which drawn by fault or with incorrect measurements. The eraser used should be of good quality and soft. Information technology should not damage the paper while erasing. Eraser

Paper Holders

When the drawing sail is placed on the lath it may not exist in stock-still position. To fix the drawing sheet to the board paper holders are used. By and large used paper holders are thumb pins, leap clips, stick tapes etc. Care should exist taken while removing the clips or tapes otherwise the sheet may tore. Paper Holders