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What Are the Chances of a Brown Haird Dad and a Red Haird Mom Making a Blond Haird Baby

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Hair color

Blood-red pilus (too known every bit orange hair and ginger pilus) is a hair color institute in ane to two pct of the homo population, appearing with greater frequency (two to 6 percent) among people of Northern or Northwestern European ancestry and bottom frequency in other populations. It is most common in individuals homozygous for a recessive allele on chromosome 16 that produces an contradistinct version of the MC1R poly peptide.[1]

Scarlet pilus varies in hue from a deep burgundy or brilliant copper, or auburn, to burnt orange or ruby-red-orange to strawberry blond. Characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin, it is associated with fair peel color, lighter eye color, freckles, and sensitivity to ultraviolet light.[ii]

Cultural reactions to red hair have varied from ridicule to admiration with many mutual stereotypes in being regarding redheads. The term redhead has been in use since at least 1510.[3]

Geographic distribution

Modernistic

Northern and Western Europe

A British teenager with crimson hair

Crimson pilus is virtually commonly plant at the northern and western fringes of Europe;[iv] it is centred around populations in the British Isles and is particularly associated with the Celtic nations.[4]

A young British woman with cherry-red pilus and freckles

Ireland has the highest number of red-haired people per capita in the world with the pct of those with red hair at effectually 10%.[five]

Great Britain too has a high percentage of people with red hair. In Scotland effectually 6% of the population has red hair; with the highest concentration of crimson head carriers in the world found in Edinburgh, making it the red head capital of the world.[half dozen] [7] In 1907, the largest ever study of hair color in Scotland, which analysed over 500,000 people, plant the percent of Scots with red hair to exist 5.3%.[8] A 1956 report of pilus color amidst British Army recruits besides found high levels of red hair in Wales and in the Scottish edge counties of England.[fn 1] [9]

Eastern and Southern Europe

In Italy, red hair is found at a frequency of 0.57% of the full population, without variation in frequency across the different regions of the state.[10] In Sardinia, red hair is found at a frequency of 0.24% of the population.[x] Victorian era ethnographers considered the Udmurt people of the Volga Region in Russia to exist "the nigh red-headed men in the world".[11] The Volga region however has one of the highest percentages of redheaded people.[12]

Red pilus is also plant among the Ashkenazi Jewish populations.[13] In 1903, 5.6% of Smooth Jews had cherry-red hair.[14] Other studies accept found that 3.69% of Jewish women overall were found to accept blood-red hair, simply around 10.nine% of all Jewish men take carmine beards.[15] In European culture, earlier the 20th century, red hair was often seen equally a stereotypically Jewish trait: during the Spanish Inquisition, all those with blood-red pilus were identified as Jewish.[xvi] In Italy, crimson hair was associated with Italian Jews, and Judas was traditionally depicted every bit reddish-haired in Italian and Spanish art.[17] The stereotype that carmine hair is Jewish remains in parts of Eastern Europe and Russia.[18]

North Africa and Mediterranean

The Berber populations of Morocco[xix] and northern People's democratic republic of algeria have occasional redheads. Scarlet hair frequency is especially significant among the Riffians from Kingdom of morocco and Kabyles from Algeria,[twenty] [21] [22] respectively.

Asia (all regions)

In Asia, ruddy hair can be found amid some peoples of Afghan,[23] [24] Arab, Iranian, Mongolian, Turkic, Miao and Hmong descent.

Aboriginal homo remains with red and carmine-dark-brown pilus have been discovered in various parts of Asia including the Tarim mummies of Xinjiang, People's republic of china.[25] Several preserved samples of human pilus have been obtained from an Atomic number 26 Age cemetery in Khakassia, South Siberia. Many of the hair samples appear ruddy in colour, and i skull from the cemetery had a preserved reddish moustache.[26]

In the Volume of Wei, Chinese writer Wei Shou notes that Liu Yuan was over half-dozen anxiety tall and had red strain on his long bristles.[27]

There are other examples of blood-red hair amid early on Turkic people. Muqan Qaghan, the third Qaghan of the Turkic Khaganate, was said to have red hair and bluish eyes.[28]

In Chinese sources, ancient Kyrgyz people were described as fair-skinned, green- or blue-eyed and red-haired people with a mixture of European and East Asian features.[29]

The Kipchak people were a Turkic ethnic group from primal Asia who served in the Aureate Horde military forces later on beingness conquered by the Mongols. In the Chinese historical document 'Kang mu', the Kipchak people are described as red haired and blue eyed.[thirty]

The ethnic Miao people of China are recorded with red hair. According to F.Yard Savina of the Paris Foreign missionary social club the appearance of the Miao was pale yellow in their peel complexion, almost white, their hair colour often being lite or dark brown, sometimes even blood-red or corn-silk blond, and a few of them fifty-fifty have pale blue optics.[31]

A phenotype study of Hmong People bear witness they are sometimes born with red hair.[32]

Americas, Oceania and Sub-Saharan Africa

Emigration from Europe has multiplied the population of red haired humans in the Americas, Commonwealth of australia, New Zealand and South Africa.[ citation needed ]

Mexican Boxer Santos "Canelo" Álvarez with red hair. Álvarez has been nicknamed "Canelo" for his cherry-red locks, which is Castilian for cinnamon.[33]

Historical

Several accounts by Greek writers mention redheaded people. A fragment by the poet Xenophanes describes the Thracians every bit blue-eyed and red-haired.[34] The ancient peoples Budini and Sarmatians are as well reported by Greek writer to be blue-eyed and red-haired, and the latter even owe their names to it.[35] [36]

In Asia, scarlet hair has been found amongst the ancient Tocharians, who occupied the Tarim Basin in what is now the northwesternmost province of China. Tarim mummies have been found with red hair dating to the 2nd millennium BC.[37]

Ruby-brown (auburn) pilus is also found amongst some Polynesians, and is peculiarly common in some tribes and family groups. In Polynesian culture ruby-red hair has traditionally been seen equally a sign of descent from high-ranking ancestors and a marking of rulership.[38] [39]

Biochemistry and genetics

Adult female with mixed reddish-brown hair, Papua New Guinea. Melanesians have a significant incidence of mixed-fair pilus, caused by a genetic mutation dissimilar from European blond and cerise hair.[40]

A shut-up view of red hair

The pigment pheomelanin gives cherry-red hair its distinctive colour. Red hair has far more of the paint pheomelanin than it has of the dark pigment eumelanin.

The genetics of cherry-red pilus appear to be associated with the melanocortin-ane receptor (MC1R), which is constitute on chromosome 16. Eighty percent of redheads accept an MC1R factor variant.[ii] Red hair is besides associated with fair pare colour because the MC1R mutation too results in low concentrations of eumelanin throughout the body. The lower melanin concentration in peel confers the advantage that a sufficient concentration of important Vitamin D tin exist produced nether depression light weather. However, when UV-radiations is strong (as in regions close to the equator) the lower concentration of melanin leads to several medical disadvantages, such as a higher risk of pare cancer. The MC1R variant cistron that gives people red hair generally results in peel that is hard or incommunicable to tan. Because of the natural tanning reaction to the sun's ultraviolet light and high amounts of pheomelanin in the peel, freckles are a mutual but not universal characteristic of red-haired people.

Carmine pilus can originate from several changes on the MC1R-cistron. If one of these changes is present on both chromosomes then the corresponding individual is likely to take red hair. This type of inheritance is described every bit an autosomal recessive. Even if both parents do not take red hair themselves, both tin be carriers for the gene and have a redheaded kid.

Genetic studies of dizygotic (fraternal) twins indicate that the MC1R factor is not solely responsible for the red hair phenotype; unidentified modifier genes be, making variance in the MC1R factor necessary, but not sufficient, for blood-red hair production.[41]

Genetics

The alleles Arg151Cys, Arg160Trp, Asp294His, and Arg142His on MC1R are shown to be recessives for the red hair phenotype.[42] The gene HCL2 (as well called RHC or RHA) on chromosome 4 may as well be related to red hair.[43] [44] There are at to the lowest degree 8 genetic differences associated with red hair color.[45] [46]

In species other than primates, red hair has different genetic origins and mechanisms.

Evolution

Origins

Crimson hair is the rarest natural hair colour in humans. The non-tanning skin associated with red hair may have been advantageous in far-northern climates where sunlight is scarce. Studies by Bodmer and Cavalli-Sforza (1976) hypothesized that lighter pare pigmentation prevents rickets in colder climates past encouraging higher levels of vitamin D product and as well allows the individual to retain heat amend than someone with darker pare.[47] In 2000, Harding et al. concluded that crimson pilus is not the result of positive pick but of a lack of negative pick. In Africa, for example, cherry hair is selected confronting considering loftier levels of lord's day harm pale skin. However, in Northern Europe this does not happen, so redheads tin can get more than common through genetic drift.[42]

Estimates on the original occurrence of the currently agile cistron for cerise hair vary from 20,000 to 100,000 years ago.[48] [49]

A Dna written report has concluded that some Neanderthals also had crimson hair, although the mutation responsible for this differs from that which causes red pilus in modern humans.[50]

Extinction hoax

A 2007 report in The Courier-Mail, which cited the National Geographic mag and unnamed "geneticists", said that red hair is likely to die out in the virtually future.[51] Other blogs and news sources ran similar stories that attributed the inquiry to the magazine or the "Oxford Hair Foundation". All the same, a HowStuffWorks article says that the foundation was funded past hair-dye maker Procter & Risk, and that other experts had dismissed the inquiry as either defective in evidence or just bogus. The National Geographic commodity in fact states "while redheads may turn down, the potential for red isn't going abroad".[52]

Scarlet hair is caused past a relatively rare recessive allele (variant of a gene), the expression of which can skip generations. It is not likely to disappear at any fourth dimension in the foreseeable future.[52]

Medical implications of the red pilus gene

Melanoma

Melanin in the skin aids UV tolerance through suntanning, only fair-skinned persons lack the levels of melanin needed to foreclose UV-induced Dna-damage. Studies have shown that red hair alleles in MC1R increase freckling and subtract tanning ability.[53] It has been found that Europeans who are heterozygous for ruby-red hair showroom increased sensitivity to UV radiation.[54]

Red hair and its relationship to UV sensitivity are of involvement to many melanoma researchers. Sunshine tin can both exist skillful and bad for a person'southward health and the different alleles on MC1R stand for these adaptations. It too has been shown that individuals with pale peel are highly susceptible to a variety of skin cancers such every bit melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma.[55] [56]

Pain tolerance and injury

Two studies have demonstrated that people with reddish pilus have different sensitivity to pain to people with other hair colors. One study found that people with red pilus are more sensitive to thermal pain (associated with naturally occurring low vitamin K levels),[57] while some other study ended that redheads are less sensitive to pain from multiple modalities, including baneful stimuli such equally electrically induced pain.[58] [59] [sixty]

Researchers have establish that people with blood-red hair crave greater amounts of anesthetic.[61] Other research publications have concluded that women with naturally ruddy hair require less of the painkiller pentazocine than do either women of other hair colors or men of any hair color. A study showed women with red hair had a greater analgesic response to that particular pain medication than men.[62] A follow-up study by the same group showed that men and women with red hair had a greater analgesic response to morphine-6-glucuronide.[60] However, a later study of 468 healthy adult patients found no pregnant difference in recovery times, hurting scores or quality of recovery in those with red compared with nighttime hair in either men or women.[63]

The unexpected human relationship of hair color to pain tolerance appears to exist because redheads take a mutation in a hormone receptor that can plainly respond to at least two types of hormones: the pigmentation-driving melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), and the hurting-relieving endorphins. (Both derive from the same precursor molecule, POMC, and are structurally similar.) Specifically, redheads have a mutated melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) gene that produces an altered receptor for MSH.[64] Melanocytes, the cells that produce pigment in skin and hair, use the MC1R to recognize and respond to MSH from the anterior pituitary gland. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone unremarkably stimulates melanocytes to brand blackness eumelanin, but if the melanocytes have a mutated receptor, they will make reddish pheomelanin instead. MC1R as well occurs in the brain, where it is i of a large set of POMC-related receptors that are apparently involved not merely in responding to MSH, but besides in responses to endorphins and perchance other POMC-derived hormones.[64] Though the details are not clearly understood, it appears that at that place is some crosstalk between the POMC hormones; this may explain the link between cherry-red pilus and pain tolerance.

There is little or no evidence to back up the belief that people with cerise pilus have a higher hazard than people with other pilus colors to hemorrhage or suffer other haemorrhage complications.[65] [66] Ane written report, however, reports a link between red hair and a higher rate of bruising.[66]

Scarlet pilus of pathological origin

Almost red pilus is acquired past the MC1R cistron and is not-pathological. Notwithstanding, in rare cases red hair can be associated with disease or genetic disorder:

  • In cases of astringent malnutrition, normally nighttime human hair may turn red or blonde. The condition, office of a syndrome known as kwashiorkor, is a sign of disquisitional starvation caused chiefly by poly peptide deficiency, and is common during periods of famine.
  • One diversity of albinism (Blazon 3, a.k.a. rufous albinism), sometimes seen in Africans and inhabitants of New Republic of guinea, results in carmine hair and red-colored skin.[67]
  • Red hair is found on people lacking pro-opiomelanocortin.[67] [68]

Culture

In various times and cultures, ruddy hair has been prized, feared, and ridiculed.

Beliefs about temperament

A common conventionalities about redheads is that they accept fiery tempers and sharp tongues. In Anne of Green Gables, a character says of Anne Shirley, the redheaded heroine, that "her temper matches her hair", while in The Catcher in the Rye, Holden Caulfield remarks that "People with red pilus are supposed to become mad very easily, but Allie [his dead brother] never did, and he had very cherry-red pilus."

During the early stages of modern medicine, carmine hair was thought to exist a sign of a sanguine temperament.[71] In the Indian medicinal practice of Ayurveda, redheads are seen as nearly likely to take a Pitta temperament.

Another belief is that redheads are highly sexed; for case, Jonathan Swift satirizes redhead stereotypes in office iv of Gulliver'due south Travels, "A Voyage to the Country of the Houyhnhnms," when he writes that: "Information technology is observed that the cerise-haired of both sexes are more libidinous and mischievous than the rest, whom however they much exceed in strength and activity." Swift goes on to write that "neither was the hair of this brute [a Yahoo] of a red colour (which might have been some excuse for an appetite a niggling irregular) but black as a sloe".[72] Such behavior were given a veneer of scientific credibility in the 19th century by Cesare Lombroso and Guglielmo Ferrero. They concluded that red hair was associated with crimes of lust, and claimed that 48% of "criminal women" were redheads.[73]

Media, mode and fine art

Queen Elizabeth I of England was a redhead, and during the Elizabethan era in England, red hair was fashionable for women. In modern times, red hair is field of study to mode trends; celebrities such as Nicole Kidman, Alyson Hannigan, Marcia Cross, Christina Hendricks, Emma Rock and Geri Halliwell tin heave sales of crimson hair dye.[ citation needed ]

Sometimes, cherry-red pilus darkens every bit people get older, condign a more brownish colour or losing some of its vividness. This leads some to acquaintance ruby-red hair with youthfulness, a quality that is mostly considered desirable. In several countries such as Republic of india, Iran, People's republic of bangladesh and Pakistan, henna and saffron are used on pilus to give it a brilliant red advent.[74]

Many painters have exhibited a fascination with cerise hair. The hair color "Titian" takes its proper noun from the artist Titian, who oft painted women with crimson hair. Early Renaissance artist Sandro Botticelli's famous painting The Birth of Venus depicts the mythological goddess Venus every bit a redhead. Other painters notable for their redheads include the Pre-Raphaelites, Edmund Leighton, Modigliani,[75] and Gustav Klimt.[76]

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes story "The Red-Headed League" (1891) involves a man who is asked to become a member of a mysterious grouping of red-headed people. The 1943 film DuBarry Was a Lady featured red-heads Lucille Ball and Red Skelton in Technicolor.

Notable fictional characters with red pilus includes Jean Gray, Carmine Sonja, Mystique, and Poisonous substance Ivy.[77]

A book of photographs of red haired people was published in 2020, Gingers by Kieran Dodds (2020).[78]

Prejudice and discrimination against redheads

Medieval beliefs

Ruddy hair was thought to be a mark of a beastly sexual desire and moral degeneration. A savage red-haired man is portrayed in the fable by Grimm brothers (Der Eisenhans) as the spirit of the woods of atomic number 26. Theophilus Presbyter describes how the blood of a crimson-haired young man is necessary to create aureate from copper, in a mixture with the ashes of a basilisk.[79]

Montague Summers, in his translation of the Malleus Maleficarum,[80] notes that red hair and green eyes were idea to be the sign of a witch, a werewolf or a vampire during the Middle Ages;

Those whose hair is red, of a sure peculiar shade, are unmistakably vampires. It is significant that in ancient Egypt, equally Manetho tells us, human sacrifices were offered at the grave of Osiris, and the victims were red-haired men who were burned, their ashes being scattered far and wide past winnowing-fans. It is held by some authorities that this was washed to fertilize the fields and produce a bounteous harvest, red-hair symbolizing the golden wealth of the corn. Simply these men were called Typhonians, and were representatives not of Osiris just of his evil rival Typhon, whose pilus was red.

Medieval antisemitism

During the Spanish Inquisition, people of red hair were identified as Jewish and isolated for persecution.[16] In Medieval Italia and Spain, ruby hair was associated with the heretical nature of Jews and their rejection of Jesus, and thus Judas Iscariot was commonly depicted every bit crimson-haired in Italian and Spanish fine art.[17] Writers from Shakespeare to Dickens would identify Jewish characters by giving them red pilus, such equally the villainous Jewish characters Shylock and Fagin.[81] The antisemitic clan persisted into modern times in Soviet Russia.[eighteen] The medieval prejudice against red-hair may take derived from the Aboriginal biblical tradition, in relation to biblical figures such equally Esau and King David. The Ancient historian Josephus would mistranslate the Hebrew Torah to draw the more positive figure of King David every bit 'golden haired', in contrast to the negative figure of Esau, even though the original Hebrew Torah implies that both King David and Esau had 'peppery cerise pilus'.[82]

Modern-day discrimination

In his 1885 book I Say No, Wilkie Collins wrote "The prejudice against habitual silence, amongst the lower gild of the people, is almost as inveterate as the prejudice against carmine hair."

In his 1895 memoir and history The Gurneys of Earlham, Augustus John Cuthbert Hare described an incident of harassment: "The 2d son, John, was born in 1750. Equally a boy he had bright red pilus, and it is amusingly recorded that one day in the streets of Norwich a number of boys followed him, pointing to his red locks and saying, "Wait at that boy; he's got a bonfire on the top of his head," and that John Gurney was and then disgusted that he went to a barber's, had his head shaved, and went home in a wig. He grew upwards, nevertheless, a remarkably bonny-looking swain."[83]

In British English, the word "ginger" is sometimes used to describe red-headed people (at times in an insulting manner),[84] with terms such as "gingerphobia"[85] and "gingerism"[86] used past the British media. In United kingdom, redheads are also sometimes referred to disparagingly as "carrot tops" and "carrot heads". (The comedian "Carrot Superlative" uses this phase name.) "Gingerism" has been compared to racism, although this is widely disputed, and bodies such as the Britain Commission for Racial Equality do non monitor cases of discrimination and hate crimes against redheads.[86]

Even so, individuals and families in Britain are targeted for harassment and violence because of their hair colour. In 2003, a 20-year-old was stabbed in the back for "existence ginger".[87] In 2007, a UK adult female won an award from a tribunal later existence sexually harassed and receiving abuse considering of her red hair;[88] in the same year, a family in Newcastle upon Tyne, was forced to movement twice after being targeted for corruption and hate crime on business relationship of their red hair.[89] In May 2009, a schoolboy committed suicide afterward being bullied for having red hair.[ninety] In 2013, a fourteen-twelvemonth-old male child in Lincoln had his right arm broken and his caput stamped on past three men who attacked him "just considering he had red hair". The iii men were after jailed for a combined total of ten years and i month for the attack.[91] A possible fringe theory explaining the historical and modern mistreatment of red-heads supposedly stems from Roman subjugation and consequent persecution of Celtic Nations when arriving in the British Isles.

This prejudice has been satirised on a number of TV shows. English comedian Catherine Tate (herself a redhead) appeared as a scarlet-haired character in a running sketch of her series The Catherine Tate Show. The sketch saw fictional graphic symbol Sandra Kemp, who was forced to seek solace in a refuge for ginger people considering she had been ostracised from lodge.[92] The British one-act Bo' Selecta! (starring redhead Leigh Francis) featured a spoof documentary which involved a caricature of Mick Hucknall presenting a testify in which celebrities (played by themselves) dyed their hair ruddy for a day and went about daily life existence insulted by people. (Hucknall, who says that he has repeatedly faced prejudice or been described as ugly on business relationship of his hair colour, argues that Gingerism should be described every bit a form of racism.[93]) Comedian Tim Minchin, himself a redhead, likewise covered the topic in his vocal "Prejudice".[94]

The pejorative utilise of the word "ginger" and related discrimination was used to illustrate a point about racism and prejudice in the "Ginger Kids", "Le Petit Tourette", "It's a Jersey Affair" and "Fatbeard" episodes of South Park.

Motion picture and television programmes oftentimes portray school bullies as having cherry-red hair.[95] However, children with carmine hair are often themselves targeted by bullies; "Somebody with ginger hair volition stand out from the oversupply," says anti-bullying expert Louise Burfitt-Dons.[96]

In Australian slang, redheads are often nicknamed "Blue" or "Bluey".[97] More than recently, they take been referred to every bit "rangas" (a word derived from the red-haired ape, the orangutan), sometimes with derogatory connotations.[98] The discussion "rufus" has been used in both Australian and British slang to refer to red-headed people;[99] based on a variant of rufous, a reddish-brown color.

In November 2008 social networking website Facebook received criticism afterward a 'Kick a Ginger' grouping, which aimed to establish a "National Kicking a Ginger Day" on 20 Nov, acquired almost v,000 members. A 14-year-sometime boy from Vancouver who ran the Facebook group was subjected to an investigation by the Regal Canadian Mounted Police for possible hate crimes.[100]

In December 2009 British supermarket chain Tesco withdrew a Christmas card which had the prototype of a child with reddish hair sitting on the lap of Male parent Christmas, and the words: "Santa loves all kids. Even ginger ones" after customers complained the carte was offensive.[101]

In Oct 2010, Harriet Harman, the former Equality Government minister in the British government under Labour, faced accusations of prejudice after she described the red-haired Treasury secretarial assistant Danny Alexander as a "ginger rodent".[102] Alexander responded to the insult by stating that he was "proud to be ginger".[103] Harman was subsequently forced to apologise for the comment, after facing criticism for prejudice against a minority grouping.[104]

In September 2011, Cryos International, one of the earth'due south largest sperm banks, announced that it would no longer accept donations from red-haired men due to low need from women seeking artificial insemination.[105]

Use of term in Singapore and Malaysia

The term ang mo (Chinese: 红毛; pinyin: hóng máo ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: âng-mo͘ ) in Hokkien (Min Nan) Chinese, meaning "blood-red-haired",[106] is used in Malaysia and Singapore, although information technology refers to all white people, never exclusively people with red hair. The epithet is sometimes rendered equally ang mo kui ( 红毛鬼 ) significant "red-haired devil", similar to the Cantonese term gweilo ("strange devil"). Thus it is viewed every bit racist and derogatory past some people.[107] Others, however, maintain it is acceptable.[108] Despite this ambiguity, it is a widely used term. It appears, for instance, in Singaporean newspapers such as The Straits Times,[109] and in television programmes and films.

The Chinese characters for ang mo are the same as those in the historical Japanese term Kōmō ( 紅毛 ), which was used during the Edo period (1603–1868) every bit an epithet for Dutch or Northern European people. It primarily referred to Dutch traders who were the merely Europeans allowed to merchandise with Japan during Sakoku, its 200-yr catamenia of isolation.[110]

The celebrated fortress Fort San Domingo in Tamsui, Taiwan was nicknamed ang mo sia (紅毛城).

The proper noun "Rory"

The mainly masculine given name Rory – a proper name of Goidelic origin, which is an anglicisation of the Irish: Ruairí / Ruaidhrí/Ruaidhrígh/Raidhrígh, Scottish Gaelic: Ruairidh and Manx: Rauree [111] which is mutual to the Irish, Highland Scots and their diasporas[112] – means "red-haired king", from ruadh ("red-haired" or "rusty") and rígh ("male monarch"). Yet, nowadays bearers of the name are by no means all red-haired themeselves.

Ruby-red hair festivals

Hundreds of redheads together at the Redhead 24-hour interval, September 2007

There has been an annual Redhead Day festival in the netherlands that attracts blood-red-haired participants from around the world. The festival was held in Breda, a city in the south east of the Netherlands, prior to 2019, when it moved to Tilburg.[113] It attracts participants from over 80 unlike countries. The international event began in 2005, when Dutch painter Bart Rouwenhorst decided he wanted to paint fifteen redheads.

The Irish Redhead Convention, held in late August in Canton Cork since 2011, claims to be a global celebration and attracts people from several continents. The celebrations include crowning the ginger King and Queen, competitions for the best red eyebrows and most freckles per foursquare inch, orchestral concerts and carrot throwing competitions.[114]

A smaller ruddy-hair day festival is held since 2013 past the UK'due south anti bullying brotherhood in London, with the aim of instilling pride in having red-hair.[115]

Since 2014, a red-hair result is held in Israel, at Kibbutz Gezer (Carrot), held for the local Israeli red hair community,[116] including both Ashkenazi and Mizrahi carmine-heads.[117] However, the number of attendees has to exist restricted due to the risk of rocket attacks, leading to anger in the red-hair community.[118] The organizers state; "The event is a expert thing for many redheads, who had been embarrassed nigh beingness redheads earlier."[118]

The first and just festival for ruby-red heads in the United States was launched in 2015. Held in Highwood, Illinois, Redhead Days draws participants from across the United states of america.[119]

A festival to celebrate the cherry-red-haired people is held annually in Izhevsk (Russia), the capital of Udmurtia, since 2004.[120]

MC1R Magazine is a publication for red-haired people worldwide, based in Hamburg, Germany.[121]

Religious and mythological traditions

In ancient Arab republic of egypt red hair was associated with the deity Set and Ramesses II had it.[122]

In the Iliad, Achilles' hair is described every bit ksanthēs ( ξανθῆς [123]), usually translated as blonde, or gold[124] but sometimes equally cherry or tawny.[125] [126] His son Neoptolemus also bears the proper noun Pyrrhus, a possible reference to his own cerise hair.[127]

The Norse god Thor is usually described equally having cherry-red hair.[128]

The Hebrew give-and-take usually translated "reddish" or "ruby-chocolate-brown" (admoni אדמוני , from the root ADM אדם , encounter also Adam and Edom)[129] [130] [131] was used to describe both Esau and David.

Early artistic representations of Mary Magdalene commonly depict her as having long flowing red hair, although a description of her hair color was never mentioned in the Bible, and information technology is possible the color is an effect caused by paint degradation in the ancient paint.

Judas Iscariot is also represented with red hair in Castilian civilization[132] [133] and in the works of William Shakespeare,[134] reinforcing the negative stereotype.

Meet also

  • Blackness hair
  • Blond
  • Chocolate-brown hair
  • Discrimination against people with red pilus
  • Erythrism – in non-human animals
  • How to be a Redhead
  • List of redheads

Notes

  1. ^ Defined in the report every bit the counties of Cumberland, Durham, Northumberland and Westmorland

References

  1. ^ "Hair Color". thetech.org. The Tech Museum of Innovation. 26 Baronial 2004. Retrieved xiv January 2017. When someone has both of their MC1R genes mutated, this conversion doesn't happen anymore and you get a buildup of pheomelanin, which results in ruby hair
  2. ^ a b Valverde P, Healy E, Jackson I, Rees JL, Thody AJ (1995). "Variants of the melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor gene are associated with red hair and fair skin in humans". Nature Genetics. 11 (3): 328–thirty. doi:10.1038/ng1195-328. PMID 7581459. S2CID 7980311.
  3. ^ "redhead, northward. and adj". OED Online. Oxford University Press. June 2011. Retrieved 7 August 2011.
  4. ^ a b Moffat, Alistair. "Celts' red hair could be attributed to the cloudy weather". Retrieved 31 December 2014.
  5. ^ Moffat, Alistair; Wilson, James (1 May 2011). The Scots: A Genetic Journey. ISBN9780857900203 . Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  6. ^ "Auld Reekie is world capital for ginger hair".
  7. ^ Cramb, Auslan (24 August 2013). "Edinburgh is surprise capital of redheaded Britain and Ireland". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 21 April 2017.
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External links

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_hair

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